A revision of the lizards of the genus Tachydromus

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VOL. V, No. 6, pp. 207—935.. \

A REVISION OF THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS
TACHY DROMUS./

io
'G. A. BOULENGER, LLD., D.Sc., F.BS.
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(Published by Permission of the Trustees of the British Museum)

SIRWILLAMJONES]

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1917.

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A Revision of the Lizards of the Genus Tachydromus.
By G. A. BouLeNcER, LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.
(Published by Permission of the Trustees of the British Museum).

[With plates XLVI and XLVII].

INTRODUCTION.

The species of Tachydromus, a genus of Lacertidee characteristic of the Far East,
and the only one of the family to extend eastward of the Bay of Bengal, are much
in need of revision. A number have been described since the publication of the
third volume of the British Museum Catalogue of Lizards, in which, owing to insuffi-
cient material, I united several that have since proved to be perfectly valid. The
importance to be attached to various characters, such as the number of rows of
plates along the back and belly, of inguinal pores, and of chin-shields, has often been
exaggerated and has led to the establishment of species which seem to be untenable.
My object in giving very detailed descriptions, with notes on individual variations,
accompanied by tabulations of the numerical characters in the extensive material now
at my disposal,' is to convey a clearer view of the state of things and thus to enable
future workers to form a more correct idea of the value to be attached to these
characters. I trust to have succeeded in avoiding the two extremes into which pre-
vious authors have fallen, viz. of over-multiplying species and of underrating the im-
portance of certain modifications which may appear trivial at first.

Although generally averse to the multiplication of generic divisions, I feel com-
pelled to propose two new genera for species previously described under Tachydvomus,
viz. T. dorsalis, Stejneg., and T. kuehnet, Van Denb., the former differing in the more
normal dorsal lepidosis, the latter in the form of the digits, unique in the family
Lacertidee.

I have also to offer a suggestion as to the exact relationship of Tachydromus,
which has been regarded as occupying a very isolated position in the family to which
it belongs. The northen species T. amurensis, Peters, shows it to be much nearer to
Lacerta than was hitherto believed, as I explain in my comments on that species,
which differs so much from T. sexlineatus, Daud., the type of the genus, and stands
at the other end of the series.

Tachydromus, Daud.

Tachydromus,* Daud. Hist. Rept. iii, p. 251 (1802) ; Wagl. Syst. Amph., p. 157 (1830) ; Wiegm.

Herp. Mex., p. 10 (1834); Dum. et Bibr. Erp. Gén., v, p. 155 (1839); Gray, Cat. Liz., p 52

(1845); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind., p. 69 (1864); Iataste, Ann. Mus. Genova (2) ii, 1885, p.
125 ; Bouleng. Cat. Liz., iii, p. 3 (1887), and Faun. Ind., Rept., p. 168 (1890).

Tachysaurus, Gray, l.c.

2 Originally Takydromus, contrary to classical usage.

! 158 specimens, from a great variety of localities.

208 G. A. BOULENGER ON

Head shields normal.' Nostril pierced between the nasal, one or two post-
nasals, and the first upper labial. Lower eyelid scaly. Collar more or less distinct
or absent. Back with large plate-like subimbricate scales with strong keels forming
continuous lines; sides with small juxtaposed or granular scales; ventral plates more
or less imbricate, often pointed and keeled. Digits cylindrical or slightly compressed,
with smooth or somewhat tubercular lainelle inferiorly. Femoral pores reduced to
one* to three. Tail long or extremely long, cylindrical.

Eastern Asia.

The parietal foramen is constantly present and pterygoid teeth are absent or
reduced to 2 to 5.

The term ‘inguinal pores’ has been universally used for the one or two pores on
each side of the praeanal region, as is the rule in this genus, and no exception could
be taken to this terminology were it not that when more than two pores are present,
the series extends on to the thigh. As the single pore is part of the series known as
femoral pores in the other Lacertide it is more logical, in view of securing a uniform
terminology, to discard the term ‘inguinal’ and to express the state of things in
Tachydromus by saying that the series of femoral pores is reduced to one to three. In
several forms of Lacerta and Latastia, when the number of femoral pores falls very
low, the reduction takes place from the distal end of the thigh, thus leading to the
condition in Tachydromus, as specimens of Lacerta vivipara and Latastia longicaudata
with only five femoral pores show very clearly. It is also noteworthy that in the
African analogue of Tachydromus, Poromera, Blgr., the series of femoral pores, though
a long one, ends at some distance from the knee-joint.

SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. Head not more than 1} times as long as broad.

A. 4 supraoculars, first very small (rarely absent) ;
dorsal plates in 5 to 8 longitudinal series, ven-
trals in 8 or Io.

I. 4 or 5 pairs of chin-shields (very rarely 3) ;
ventral plates in 8 longitudinal series, feebly
keeled or all except the outer smooth ; 29 to 40
plates and scales round middle of body.

Dorsal plates in 7 or 8 longitudinal series; ventral
plates in 22 to 28 transverse series ; 3 femoral pores
on each side ; rostral in contact with frontonasal ;
tail 12 to 24 times length of head and body .. I. I. amurensis, Peters.

Dorsal plates in 5 to 7 longitudinal series ; ventral
plates in 22 to 25 transverse series ; 2 (very rarely 3)
femoral pores on each side ; rostral nearly always in

. a frontonasal, a pair of priefrontals, a frontal, a pair of frontoparictals, a pair of parietals, an interparietal,
and an occipital.

2 Inguinal pore,

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS JACHYDROMUS. 209

contact with frontonasal ; tail 2 to 31 times length
of head and body

NO

. 1. tachyvdromoides,
Schleg.

Dorsal plates in 8 longitudinal series ; ventral plates
in 27 to 29 transverse series ; a single femoral pore
on each side ; nasals in contact behind rostral a) Sond. woltert, 1G. Bisch:

2. 3 pairs of chin-shields (very rarely 4) ; ventral]
plates keeled, often strongly ; 33 to 48 plates
and scales round middle of body.

Dorsal plates in 5 to 7 (rarely 8) longitudinal series ;
ventral plates in 8 longitudinal and 20 to 30 (usually
26 to 28) transverse series ; a single femoral pore
oneach side... se 5 .. 4. TI. septentrionalis,

Gthr.

Dorsal plates in 7 or 8 longitudinal series; ventral
plates in 8, more frequently 10, longitudinal and 27
to 33 transverse series ; I or 2 femoral pores on each
side. me ne o ee
B. 3 supraoculars, first large and in contact with

the second loreal ; dorsal plates in 4 longitudinal
series, ventrals in 12.

Ventral plates in 22 to 25 transverse series ; 26 to 28
plates and scales round middle of body ; 3 pairs of
chin-shields ; 2 or 3 femoral pores on each side ; tail
a little over twice length of head and body pe On Rhasvensis, Blox.

Il. Head at least nearly twice as long as broad ; ven-
tral plates strongly keeled.

A. Dorsal plates in 7 to 10 longitudinal series ; ven-
tral plates in 6 or § longitudinal and 26 to 31
transverse series ; a single femoral pore on each
side.

37 to 45 plates and scales round middle of body; 3
pairs of chin-shields, rarely 4 ; 3 or 4 supraoculars ;
tail 23 to 34 times length of head and body .. 9. IT. smavagdinus, Bigr.

28 to 32 plates and scales round middle of body ; 4 or
5 pairs of chin-shields ; 4 supraoculars ; tail 34 to 4
times length of head and body Sf .. 0. LF. sautert, Van Denb.
B. Dorsal plates in 4 or 6 longitudinal series, ven-

trals in 10 or 12; 28 to 38 plates and scales
round middle of body; 3 supraoculars, third
rarely in contact with frontoparietal; I to 3
femoral pores on each side.

Dorsal plates in 4 (rarely 6) longitudinal series, ventrals

. I. formosanus, Blgr.

On

210 G. A. BOULENGER ON

in 21 to 28 transverse series ; 3 (rarely 4) pairs of

chin-shields ; collar more or less distinct ; head about

twice as long as broad ; tail 3 to 5 times length of ;

head and body . 50 .. Q. T. sexlineatus, Daud.
Dorsal plates in 6 fongieuaiadl series, ventral in 30

transverse series; 4 pairs of chin-shields ; no trace

of a collar ; head 2} times as long as broad ; tail

22 times as long as head and body .. 10. T. haughtonianus,
Jerd.
1, Tachydromus amurensis.

Tachydromus amurensis, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. 1881, p. 71; Bouleng. Cat. Liz.,
iil, p. 6 (1887); Giinth. Ann, and Mag. N.H. (6) i, 1888. p. 169; Bouleng. Ann. and Mag.
N.H. (6) v, 1890, p. 137; Nikolsky, Herp. Ross., p. 92 (1905) ; Stejneg. Herp. Japan, p. 245
fig. (1907).

Body feebly depressed. Head about 1} times as long as broad, its depth equal
to the distance between the anterior corner of the eye and the tympanum, its
length 3f to 4 times in length to vent in males, 4} to 42 times in females; snout
obtuse, with obtuse canthus, as long as or slightly shorter than the postocular part
of the head. Pileus 13 to 2 times as long as broad. Neck as broad as the head.
Limbs short; the hind limb reaches the elbow or tie axil in males, barely the wrist
in females; foot as long as the head or slightly ionger. ‘Tail 12 to a little over 2
times the length of head and body.

Nostril pierced between three shields. Rostral not touching the nostril, broadly
in contact with the frontonasal, which is broader than long and as broad as the in-
teruarial space ; preefrontals forming a median suture or separated by a small azygous
shield ;' frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, 1} to 14 times
as long as broad, of nearly equal width throughout, or narrower behind than in
front; parietal a little longer than broad (not more than 14), in contact with the upper
postocular and with 3 or 4 temporals ; interparietal a little longer than broad ; occi-
pital much shorter than the interparietal, its posterior border usually convex and
projecting beyond the parietals. 4 supraoculars, first very small, sometimes divided
into two, or in contact with the frontal, second and third equal or second the longer,
fourth small but larger than the first, sometimes not in contact with the fronto-
parietal;* 4, rarely 3 or 5, superciliaries, first longest, all in contact with the
supraoculars, or with 2 or 3 granules between them. Nasal forming a suture with
the anterior loreal’ above the small postnasal; posterior loreal longer than the
anterior; 4 upper labials* anterior to the subocular, which is narrower beneath than
above, sometimes very slightly. Temporal scales small, smooth or feebly keeled ; tym-
panic shield present ; one or two enlarged upper temporals often present.

4, rarely 5°, pairs of chin-shields, the two or three anterior meeting in the
middle ; 198 to a4 Ue scales in a straight line between the symphysis of a chin-

! In a male from Chabarovka, 2 In a female trom Chabarovka.
Which is divided into two in a male from Chabarovka. + 5 on one side in a male from Chabarovka.
5 In a female from Chabarovka.

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 211]

shields and the median collar-plate, anterior granular and smooth, posterior enlarged,
imbricate, smooth or faintly keeled, and merging gradually into the collar, which is
composed of 8 to 11 rounded or obtusely pointed plates, the median smooth, the
outer feebly keeled.

Dorsal plates obtusely pointed or rounded behind, in 6 longitudinal series, with 1
or 2 smaller plates on the median line, or in 8 series in front and 6 behind; sides
with one upper and 3 or 4 lower series of keeled scales and a median granular area.
Ventral plates in 8 longitudinal and 22 to 28 transverse series, the outer pointed and
feebly keeled, the others smooth, broader than long and shaped as in Lacerta vivipara
30 to 40 plates and scales round the middle of the body. Preanal plate large,
smooth, entire (males) or longitudinally divided or semidivided (females), bordered
by one semicircle of small plates.

Upper surface of limbs with rhombic keeled scales, much smaller than the
dorsals. 3 femoral pores on each side.' Subdigital lamellz single or partly single
and partly divided, 19 to 23 under the fourth toe.

Caudal scales strongly keeled, pointed or shortly mucronate, in somewhat longer
and shorter whorls alternately, the fourth or fifth of which contains 16 to 20 scales. .
The scaling of the regenerated tail similar to that of Lacerta vivipara.

Brown or olive-grey above, uniform or with irregular dark brown spots ; sides with
a broad dark brown or black band, the upper border of which may show a series of
indentations ; a dark streak on the canthus rostralis ; usually a more or less distinct
light, dark-edged streak from the lower eyelid to the shoulder, passing through the
lower part of the ear-opening, sometimes continued as a series of spots to the base of
the hind limb. Lower parts yellowish or greenish white.

Measurements, in millimetres. Wee 2 en A
From end of snout to vent... =, te 4 55 53 66 65
Poh Sdn Se ., fore limb ee =e Be 20 I9 — 21
ead: bs Ss Efe in as: 1673) Gt ae) ay
Width of head a: a As ae F. sy Ge)
Depth of head a aie se ae : 6 6— 9
Fore limb Bt ays ek a ae Ig I9 20 20
Hind limb Sn of Se a We es O27 eae,
BOOt eae. 32 Be Be be Lt 12 14 — 14
Tail Fe 5e 2s a 17 — — —
I. 3, Chabarovka. 2. 3, Seoul. 3. 9, Kasakewicha (type). 4. 9, Chabarovka.
Particulars of specimens exanuned.”
I 2 $6° Lise Babe Osenge ea wi)
~, Chabarovka, Ussuri + = SSM ey eos 20m On 22™ 31820
5A 5 5 ee i 54 35 Fim Or 2 yrae TON 22) Bes 2
Oi, rr 35 ia on O54 OnmE OME OE 2 On OMm2 Aue ohn23
> bs 3 USP 33h Ota OR tO. 3) 922
3, Seoul, Corea a Be Ns One Seon 24 On 2h ay (28
, Corea oe aie Sid SOmSOm mon On 22) TON 22) 73)

| ow
Xo!

=== = —= T

! A female from Chabarovka shows an ill-defined fourth pore on the right side.
2 In addition to these I have examined the type, a female from Kasakewicha, on the Amoor, preserved in the

Berlin Museum

212 G. A. BOULENGER ON

r. Length from snout to vent (in millimetres). 2. Scales and plates round middle of body. 3.
Longitudinal series of dorsal plates and scales. 4. Longitudinal series of ventral plates. 5. Transverse
series of ventral plates. 6. Plates in collar. 7. Gular scales in straight median line. 8. Femoral pores
on each side. g. Iamellar scales under fourth toe.

Habitat. South-Eastern Siberia, Manchuria, Corea.

T. amurensts is the most Lacerta-like species of the genus, and its agreement in
many respects with L. vivipara' is the more noteworthy for the fact that the latter
is the only species of Lacerta which extends eastward to the Pacific Ocean.” ‘The
agreement is not only in the form of the head and the comparatively short tail, but
also in the shape and arrangement of the head-shields, especially those bordering the
nostril, and the occasional separation of the fourth supraocular from the frontoparie-
tal,’ and of the ventral shields. As the scaling of the back and the coloration may
very well be derived from the condition in L. wivipara, I have little doubt that the
genus Tachydromus is to be regarded as directly modified from an oriental species of
Lacerta connected with L. vivipara, if not from that species itself.

2. Tachydromus tachydromoides, Schleg.

Lacerta tachydromoides, Schleg. Faun. Japon., Rept., p. 101, pl. i, figs. 5-7 (1838).

Tachydromus japonicus, Dum. et Bibr. Erp. Gén. v, p. 161 (1839); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind.,
p. 69 (18604) ; Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl., 1880, p. 112.

Tachysaurus japonicus, Gray, Cat. Liz., p. 52 (1845).

Lachydromus tachydromoides, part., Bouleng. Cat. Liz., iii, p. 5 (1887).

Tachydromus tachydromotdes, Giinth Ann. and Mag. N.H. (6) i, 1888, p. 169; Stejneg. Herp.
Japan, p. 247, fig. (1907).

Tachydromus holstt, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1894, p. 733, pl. xlix, fig. 1.

Body feebly depressed. Head 1} to 13 times as long as broad, its depth equal to
the distance between the anterior corner of the eye and the tympanum, its length
3% to 4 times in length to vent in males, 4 to 4} times in females ; snout pointed,
with strong canthus and nearly vertical loreal region, as long as the postocular part of
the head. Pileus 1} to 2 times as long as broad. Neck as broad as the head. The
hind limb reaches the axil, the shoulder, or the collar in males, the wrist, the elbow,
or the axil in females ; foot 1 to 14 times as long as the head. ‘Tail 2 to 34 times the
length of head and body (14 times in the very young).

Nostril pierced between three shields. Rostral not entering the nostril, nearly
always in contact with the frontonasal*, usually broadly; frontonasal as long as
broad or slightly broader, as broad as the internarial space or a little broader ;
preefrontals forming a median suture ;° frontal as long as its distance from the end
of the snout, 1} to 2 times as long as broad, usually narrower behind than in front ;
parietals as long as broad or a little longer than broad (up to 14), interparietal 14 to
2 times as long as broad ; occipital small, much shorter than the interparietal, often

| I have therefore represented details of that species on plate XLVI for comparison with T. amurensis.
* The Easternmost specimens show, on an average, a lower number of pores (5 to 11) than the Western.
» A character which has become fixed in T. sexlineatus, at the other end of the series.
+ Two exceptions, male from Koshikeu and female from Koyosun, in which the nasals meet behind the rostral,

® Sometimes separated by a small azygos shield, according to Stejneger.

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 213

separated from it by the parietals meeting in the middle, sometimes reduced to a
granule. 4 supraoculars, first very small, rarely in contact with the frontal,! second
and third equal or second the larger, fourth small but larger than the first ; 4, rarely
5, superciliaries, first or first and second longest ; a complete or, more often, incom-
plete series of granules between the supraoculars and the superciliaries, excep-
tionally reduced to 2 or 3 granules. Nasal forming a suture with the anterior loreal,
above the small postnasal ;* anterior loreal shorter than the second ; 4 upper labials,
rarely 3°, anterior to the subocular, which is narrower beneath than above. ‘Temporal
scales small, more or less distinctly keeled ; 2 or 3 enlarged upper temporals, the
first not in contact with the fourth supraocular ; tympanic shield present.

4 pairs of chin-shields,* the two or three anterior meeting in the middle; 18 to
25 gular scales between the symphysis of the chin-shields and the median collar-plate,
anterior granular, smooth, posterior enlarged, imbricate, pointed, smooth or more
frequently feebly keeled and merging gradually into the collar, which is composed
of 9 to 12 pointed, smooth or keeled plates.

Dorsal plates obtusely pointed or rounded behind, in 4 or 6 longitudinal series,
with I or 2 series of smaller plates on the median line, making 5 to 7 series altogether ;
sides with one upper and 3 to 6 lower series of keeled scales and a median granular
area. Ventral plates in 8 longitudinal and 22 to 25 transverse series, the outer
pointed and keeled, the others also pointed, or rounded or truncate behind, smooth
ot feebly keeled. 29 to 35 plates and scales round the middle of the body. Preanal
plate large, smooth, very rarely longitudinally divided,’ bordered by one semicircle
of small plates.

Upper sutface of limbs with rhombic keeled scales, much smaller than the
dorsals. 2, very rarely 3, femoral pores on each side. Subdigital lamellae mostly
divided, 20 to 26 under the fourth toe.

Caudal scales strongly keeled and shortly mucronate, in somewhat longer and
shorter whorls alternately, the fourth or fifth of which contains 14 to 20 scales.

Brown or olive above, sometimes greenish on the anterior part of the back,
uniform or with small irregularly scattered blackish spots ; sometimes a light dorso-
lateral streak, starting from the superciliary edge; usually a dark brown or blackish
lateral band ° from behind the eye, sometimes with a few light spots, the upper edge
often crenulated ; a dark streak on the canthus rostralis ; a more or less distinct light
or white streak, often black-edged, from the lower eyelid to the shoulder, through
the lower part of the ear-opening, sometimes continued as a streak or series of spots
to the base of the hind limb. Lower parts white, throat and breast sometimes
greenish. ‘Tail pale brown or reddish, with a dark lateral streak.

1 Absent on one side in a female (Lataste collection).
. 2 The postnasal is absent and the first loreal transversely divided into two in a female from Tokyo.
3 3 on both sides in a female from Tsu Shima, on one side in a female from Takanori.
+ One exception with 3 and one with 5 out of 66 specimens examined by Stejneger. 3 ou one side and 4 on the
other in the type of T. holstt.
5 Female from Nagasaki.
6 This band is totally absent in the types (female and young) of T. holsti, as well as in a female from Nagasaki.

214 G. A. BOULENGER ON

Measurements, in millimetres. jy ec ip (a
From end of snout to vent .. i: Bb si 62 57 62 59

PACS; .. fore limb 26 a ae 22 a2 ae 2 I
Head == a oe at aA 50 TH 4 iA. rs
Width of head ie Bs Fc a = De Ono ec
Depth of head Be = ns ; a Sie ary ame rf De 9
Fore limb ae i Bes Se 5 235520 5 eZOeetG)
Hind limb . e ce a ae 33. 32. 28 28
Footy). ay: oe ac ce SH 7a eye
Dail] ise oF “ae a ae : 180 160 150 150

r. &, Nagasaki. 2. #, Kochi Keu. 3. 9, Japan (Lataste Coll.). 4. 9, Myianoshita.

Particulars of specimens examined.

Ie sp. eke Whe ye ten. AC)
2, Kiusiu, type we “ig ee 5Q 325 6 (8 24-510" 20) 225
3, Nagasaki, Kiusiu .. ae se 625535) Om Ole zee ela eee
Be 3 ch 3s ae BO se (OS eae) ee AG
3, Takamori, .. oe Ss ee 40534651 8) 22. el ZOene ZO
2, 55 ; 4 33)0) (88 425) 50 320) 223)
3, Moje, 5 bye Be Ee Be) Sete (ON Me Eh 3 RY De Di
2, Onsen Mt., Shimabara, Kiusiu (type of T.
holstt). A732 8) 23° 10) gr 2 22

~, Tsu Sima RG ae Sip 60

Q

: oS ay 8225; OF 20)" 2) 22
%, Koshi Ken, Shikoka Cpe Xe maby tc) 2 SOG BE 3}
+ 7” 5 52-135) (5: \Oee23) bla) 245 see ZO
2, Tokyo, Hondo 5SAutS2)2 Om SO mcOmenn 20) seomeoe
* a8 AS) 30810 S 224 ie eS omez
3, 1. Hakone, 57a, 34.00 5 2A O: SLO mee eA:
2? , Myianoshita, Soci ) Nola HI aay ate) ye
.. Koyosun, - 54 S2- 10516) 25 Oe 5 eet
3, Japan (Lataste Coll.) oe 54.935. 7 38) 22) 310) (2A e seated
2? 3 53 ore te AVA SIH GE oh 2s MO at wh AS

~

62 Pie 23 eed!

Oo
“NI
oO
~)
i)

Explanation of table same as for the preceding species, p. 212.

Habitat. Japan, from Yezo to Kiusiu and Tsu Sima.

This species is very closely allied to the preceding, differing in the more pointed
snout with stronger canthus, 5 to 7 longitudinal series of dorsal plates instead of 7 or
8, and nearly constantly 2 femoral pores instead of 3.

3. Tachydromus wolteri, J. G. Fisch.

Tachydromus wolteri, J. G. Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., ii, 1885, p. 82; Gtinth. Ann. and
Mag. N.H. (6) i, 1888, p. 169; Stejneg. Herp. Japan, p. 247 (1907).
Tachydromus tachydromotdes, part., Bouleng. Cat. Liz., iii, p. 5 (1887).

Body feebly depressed. Head 12 to 1% times as long as broad, its depth equal

to the distance between the anterior corner of the eye and the tympanum, its length

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 215

4 times in length to vent; snout pointed, with strong canthus and nearly vertical
loreal region, as long as the postocular part of the head. Pileus 1} to 2 times as
long as broad. Neck as broad as the head or a little narrower. The hind limb
reaches the elbow ; foot as long as the head or slightly longer.

Nostril pierced between three shields. Rostral not entering the nostril ; nasals
forming a very short suture behind the rostral; frontonasal broader than long, as
broad as the internarial space ; a small shield often present between the preefrontals ; '
frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, 14 to 1% times as long
as broad, of nearly equal width throughout ; parietals 1} times as long as broad ;
interparietal 11 to 2 times as long as broad ; occipital small, much shorter than the
interparietal. 4 supraoculars, first very small, second and third equal, fourth small
but larger than the first and rarely in contact with the frontoparietal ;* 4 or 5 super-
ciliaries, first longest, separated from the supraoculars by a complete series of
granules. Nasal forming a suture with the anterior loreal, above the small postnasal ;
anterior loreal shorter than second ; 3 to 5 upper labials* anterior to the subocular,
which is narrowed beneath than above. ‘Temporal scales small, keeled ; 3 enlarged
upper temporals ; tympanic shield present.

4 pairs of chin-shields, the 3 anterior meeting in the middle; 24 to 26 gular
scales between the symphysis of the chin-shields and the median collar-plate, anterior
granular, smooth, posterior enlarged, imbricate, pointed, and keeled, merging gradu-
ally into the collar, which is composed of 10 to 12 pointed, more or less distinctly
keeled plates.

Dorsal plates rounded behind, in 8 longitudinal series, those of the two median
series smaller ; sides with a more or less distinct upper and 3 or 4 lower series of
keeled scales and a median granular area. Ventral plates in 8 longitudinal and 27
to 29 transverse series, the outer pointed and keeled, the others rounded or truncate
behind and smooth. 36 to 38 plates and scales round the middle of the body.
Preanal plate large, smooth, bordered by one semicircle of small plates.

Upper surface of limbs with rhombic keeled scales, much smaller than the dor-
sals. A single femoral pore on each side. Subdigital lamella mostly divided, 19 to
22 under the fourth toe.

Caudal scales strongly keeled and shortly mucronate, equal or in somewhat longer
and shorter whorls alternately, the fourth or fifth of which contains 18 to 20 scales.

_ Olive above, with a more or less distinct light dorso-lateral streak and a dark olive
lateral band ; a white, black-edged lateral streak from the loreal region through the
lower part of the ear-opening to the base of the hind limb ; a dark streak along each
side of the tail. Lower parts yellowish or greenish white.

Measurements, in millimetres. it 2. 3,

From end of snout to vent ye KZ a 5 AG t45.4.40

he eB ,, fore limb .. ae x Be iG) eee 3H)

Head bee hs a re ae oy TO TT.) oe

| Specimens from Seoul and Kiu Kiang. 2 On one side in the specimen from Kiu Kiang.

3 4 on one side and 5 on the other in the type, 3 on one side and 4 on the other in the specimen from Kiu Kiang.

216 G. A. BOULENGER ON

Measurements, in millimetres. I. 2. 3:
Width of head ss Ar Se is 65 7 ii
Depth of head ay 7 as Fe ae 6 6 6
Fore limb = sic os =“ ig: TS eeOy yz
Hind limb 26 Ao oe - As 20° «20: «-28
Foot aie we ah a ih Ter Tie Le,

I. 3, Chemulpo, type. 2. #, Seoul. 3. #, Kiu Kiang.

Particulars of specimens examined.

My BG SB VG Oh Ge. SK AO)
3, Chemulpo, Corea, type. a oe A536) pOu 8 27) 0) P20 eee ar
s» Seoul, is = ne 45,930" 8.98) 920) (024) reo
»» Kiu Kiang, China 3 as AO -38 8) 8 “20 412) 24 a 2

Table as on p. 212.

Habitat. Corea and China (Kiu Kiang).

Closely allied to T. tachydromoides. Differs in having 8 longitudinal series of
dorsal plates, 27 to 29 transverse series of ventral plates, instead of 22 to 24, in males,
and a single femoral pore.

4. Tachydromus septentrionalis, Gthr.

Tachydromus septentrionalis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind., p. 70, pl. viii, fig. E.! (1864), and Ann.
and Mag. N.H. (6) i. 1888, p. 166; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1894, pp- 139, 145 ; Bouleng.
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1899, p. 161, fig.; Werner, Abh. Bayer. Ak. 2, xxii, 1903, p- 354; Van
Denb. Proc. Calif. Ac. (4) iii, 1912, p. 242.

Tachydromus tachydromotdes, part., Bouleng. Cat. Liz. iii, p. 5 (1887).

Takydromus septentrionalis, part., Stejneg. Herp. Japan, p. 232 (1907).

Body not or but slightly depressed. Head feebly convex or even quite flat
above, 1% to 1? times as long as broad, its depth equal to the distance between the
anterior corner or the centre of the eye and the tympanum, its length 32 to 4! times
in length to vent in males, 4 to 4} times in females ; snout pointed, with strong can-
thus and nearly vertical loreal region, as long as the postocular part of the head.
Pileus 2 to 2} times as long as broad. Neck narrower than the head. ‘The hind limb
reaches the wrist, the elbow, or the axil in females, the axil or the shoulder in males ;
foot I to 13 times as long as the head. ‘Tail 24 to 3} times as long as head and
body. ‘

Nostril pierced between 3, rarely 4, shields.. Rostral not entering the nostril,
often narrowly in contact with the frontonasal,’ which is as long as broad or slightly
broader than long, as broad as or a little broader than the internarial space ; preefron-
tals forming a median suture; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the
snout or a little shorter, 1} to 12 times as long as broad, usually narrower behind
than in front ; parietals 4 to 13 times as long as broad ; interparietal 14 to 2 times

| The male type specimen figured is represented with an intact tail, which is not the case, as may be seen from
Ginther’s description. The tail has been imagined by the artist. Such restorations were often resorted to in those
days, and have given rise to much confusion, as in the case of Chitva indica in the same work.

2 In 15 specimens out of 39 examined by me; in 8 out of 12 examined by Van Denburgh.

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 217

as long as broad ; occipital small, much shorter than the interparietal, rarely nearly
as large, often separated from it by one or two small shields or by the parietals
meeting in the middle. 4 supraoculars, first very small and rarely broken up into
2 or 3 granules, or in contact with the frontal," or absent,’ second and third equal
or second the longer, fourth small but larger than first and rarely broken up into
2 ot 3; 4 or 5 superciliaries, first or first and second largest and usually in con-
tact with the supraoculars; a series of granules, rarely complete, between the
supraoculars and the superciliaries. Nasal forming a suture with the anterior loreal
above the postnasal,*’ often forming a very short suture with its fellow behind the
rostral ; anterior loreal shorter than the second, sometimes divided into two’ and
forming a triangle with the postnasal ;’ usually 4 upper labials, sometimes 3 or 5,”
anterior to the subocular, which is usually narrower beneath than above. ‘Tem-
poral scales small, more or less distinctly keeled ; 1, 2, or 3 enlarged upper temporals,
the first not in contact with the fourth supraocular ; tympanic shield present, narrow
and elongate.

3 pairs of chin-shields,’ the first or first and second meeting in the middle;
20 to 30 gular scales between the symphysis of the chin-shields and the median collar-
plate, anterior granular and smooth, posterior enlarged, imbricate, pointed and
keeled, and merging gradually into the collar, which is composed of 8 to 12 pointed,
keeled plates.

Dorsal plates obtusely pointed or rounded behind, in 4 longitudinal series, with
I or 2 series of smaller plates on the median line, and rarely* with an additional
series of smaller plates between the two outer series, making 5 to 8 altogether in
the middle of the body ; often 6, 7, or 8 in front and 4 or 5 behind ; 2 to 4 series of
keeled scales near the ventral plates, separated from the dorsals by a granular area.
Ventral plates in 8 longitudinal and 24 to 30 (usually 26 to 28) transverse series,
obtusely pointed, more or less strongly keeled, and shortly mucronate. 34 to 48
plates and scales round the middle of the body (usualiy 35 to 40). Preeanal plate
moderately large or rather small, smooth, rarely feebly bicarinate and longitudinally
bisected,’ often not broader than long, with smaller, usually keeled plates in front and
on the sides.

Upper surface of limbs with rhombic keeled scales and granules. A single
femoral pore on each side. Subdigital lamelle partly single and partly divided,
mostly divided, 23 to 29 under the fourth toe.

| In a male from Kiu Kiang.

2 In a female from Kiu Kiang and in a young from Da-zel Valley, Chikiang.

3 Unless its posterior part be severed to form a second postnasal, as in a female from Kiu Kiang.

+ In 4 specimens from Kiu Kiang, in one from Da-zel Valley, and in one from Kuatun.

6 As in Lacerta agilis.- In a male from Kiu Kiang, the postnasal forms a suture with the second loreal, below the

anterior.

6 3 on both sides in a female from Kiu Kiang, on one side in a female from Chusan and in a young from Che King

near Chusan ; 5 on both sides in a male from Kuatun and in a female from Ningpo ; on one side in two males from Kiu
Kiang and in a female from Shanghai.
1 3 on one side and 4 on the other in two specimens from Kiu Kiang and in another from Kuatun. A similar

example of asymmetry has been recorded by Werner.
8 Male and female from Kuatun, female from Shanghai. 4 Female from Kiu Kiang.

218 G. A. BOULENGER ON

Caudal scales strongly keeled and shortly mucronate, the keels forming 4 very
strong ridges on the upper surface of the basal part of the tail, the whorls nearly
equal in length, the fourth or fifth containing 14 to 18 scales.

Olive, brown, or coppery red on the back, olive, green, or blue on the sides,
usually with a light greenish, often black-edged dorsolateral streak, starting from
the superciliary edge ; a more or less distinct dark canthal streak and a dark band
on the temple and side of neck, or continued along the body, sometimes with blue
spots, edged below, but no further than the shoulder, by a light streak starting from
the lower eyelid. Lower parts yellow, often greenish on the sides.

Measurements, in millimetres. Ea, 2a me Sin ads
From end of snout to vent ae 7 “fs 75 69 67 65

5 ss 5 ,. fore limb ; ae e Ao ep YN Is)
Head .. ne ate = a as 78 17 16 6
Width of head ae a Ee. St aac Be 1g 30e anf 100)
Depth of head ae 2a ae ac a3 io to 8 8
Fore limb ae aS x a 27 27 23) 2A
Hind limb ae ate ms a a 37 360 «32 32
Foot .. as ae Bp Bp 3% 1) | 10) ay? acy)
ailiiy ae a ws =f es Pe — 245 205 155

I. &, Ningpo, type. 2. #,Kuatun. 3. 9 Kuatun. 4. ?, Kiu Kiang.

Particulars of specimens examined.

Ty 23 4 eee el ON ems

3, Ningpo, type ‘; 2 a 75030) 10 8s) 28s LOme5 ye tenes
9 3 5 4 AZ 38° 10169285 112, 255 eS
g x, oe bss 60938) We S27 LO 20ers
Q z er WEA AO. (Oy fs). 3X0) se AG ak 7
3, Snowy Valley, Ningpo. pre is 7paescy 7 ty) yf aes PL ae Ay
2, Shanghai a a #4 65) 40) 97 SO ae20 LON 230 Lear
ss 7 ae ah - 5Or 4S) Ono 120 see Oreo
,, Chusan on 2 fs 68 30267 88 277 10) 238 626
» Kiu Kiang wk Oe nn 65 37 Se] Ime Ae Te Ao
3, Kiu Kiang Mts... sv Es GON 3565 on 7/ Oe ee
Os sy) (On che 477 Gy, Oy 3S

65) 420" 6: a0; 20 eit 25eeeeees

65.35 52.827 12 23) ues

(Gj VaGXoo Gy te Aa Ine yf Gk eS

Gor 30058 eat on ee ered,

50 320 OG, (20) eee Oma

; 51-1407 6.98. 205 Owes, ate

2 70 37° © «8-20 “Ol 30, 2] 26
70 BOF 5) 20) 2Ommietamd men a4

69 34 61 8 128) 99923" 1 23

65) 340Oe So seo Cnmeei el. 27,

Os vibe (5 ts) ete) ad] elope Ps

Cor su) Sy ay ke Bo ake 3)

S¥ih eS oh Sh Zh UBS Ate i}

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 219

Pepe 4et. 5c On Fan Os O:
&, Kuatun nie ns oe Gomes5 55.0. 20° Gr 2226
5 3 ie oe is Gomme omOe Oo 2) 12 = 2Aneateees
56 xp is ap ins Sins OM OMeOu 27am LO 250 meme 20)
2 ~ be ar =F: TOMS SeOl (On 25) Che 20) hees
sp " a a oe Gi “Sets, ss a eee ay 5
- ‘: sr a =< 67 448. 828. to 125 26

Table as on p. 212.

Habitat. China along the Yang-tse-Kiang, north-west to the Province of Kansu,
south-east to Fokien.

With an insufficient material, in 1887, I unfortunately united this species with
T. tachyvdromoides, from which it is perfectly distinct, differing chiefly in the number
of chin-shields and of femoral pores, as well as in the constantly keeled ventral
plates. The first two characters are not known to suffer any exceptions in the two
species here compared, although large series have been examined by me and by
others; and this is very remarkable considering that the number of chin-shields cer- |
tainly varies in T. smaragdinus and T. sexlineatus, as observed by Van Denburgh, by
Stoliczka, and by Annandale, whilst specimens with either one or two femoral pores
occur in T. formosanus and T. sexlineatus.

5. Tachydromus formosanus, Blgr.
Tachydromus formosanus, Bouleng. Ann. and Mag. N.H. (6) xiv, 1894, p. 462; Stejneg. Herp.
Japan, p. 235 (1907) ; Van Denb. Proc. Calif. Ac. (4) tli, 1912, p. 245.
Takydromus septentrionalis, part., Stejneg. op. cit., p. 232.
Takydromus steynegert, Van Denb. t.c., p. 243.

Body not or but slightly depressed. Head feebly convex, 13 to 1? times as long
as broad, its depth equal to the distance between the anterior corner or the centre
of the eye and the tympanum, its length 32 to 4 times in length to vent in males,
4 to 44 times in females ; snout pointed, with strong canthus and nearly vertical
loreal region, as long as the postocular part of the head. Pileus 2 to 2} times as
long as broad. Neck narrower than the head. The hind limb reaches the elbow in
females, the axil or the shoulder in males; foot r to 1} times as long as the head.
Tail 2 to 32 times as long as head and body.

Nostril pierced between 3 shields. Rostral not entering the nostril, rarely in
contact with the frontonasal,' which is as long as broad or a little broader, or
longer than broad and in contact with the frontal;* praefrontals usually forming a
median suture, or separated by an azygos shield ;* frontal as long as its distance
from the end of the snout, 14 to 1? times as long as broad, a little narrower behind
than in front ; parietals 1} to 14 times as long as broad; interparietal 14 to 2 times
as long as broad ; occipital small, much shorter than the interparietal, often separated
from it by the parietals meeting in the middle. 4 supraoculars, first very small,

| In 27 specimens out of 283 examined by Van Denburgh (about 10 p.c.).
2 In a male from Taipeh and in another from Punkiho.
3 In a female from Punkiho.

220 G. A. BOULENGER ON

rarely absent,' second and third equal or second the longer, fourth small but larger
than first ; 4 or 5 superciliaries, first or first and second longest, first in contact with
the supraoculars,’ followed by a series of granules, or series of granules complete.
Nasal forming a suture with the anterior loreal, above the postnasal, usually forming
a short suture with its fellow behind the rostral ; anterior loreal shorter than the
second ; usually 4 upper labials, rarely 3,° anterior to the subocular, which is narrower
beneath than above. ‘Temporal scales small, obtusely keeled ; a large anterior upper
temporal, not in contact with the fourth supraocular, usually followed by one or two
smaller shields ; tympanic shield present, narrow and elongate.

3 pairs of chin-shields,* the first or first and second meeting in the middle ;
20 to 29 gular scales between the symphysis of the chin-shields and the median
collar-plate, anterior granular and smooth, posterior enlarged, imbricate, pointed and
keeled, merging gradually into the collar, which is composed of 10 to 12 pointed,
keeled plates ; no gular fold.

Dorsal plates obtusely pointed or rounded behind, in 6 longitudinal series,
usually with 1 or 2 series of smaller plates on the median line, making 6 to 8 alto-
gether in the middle of the body ; usually 8 or ro in front and 6 or 7 behind ; 2 or 3
series of keeled scales near the ventral plates, separated from the dorsals by a
granular area. Ventral plates in 8, or more frequently in ro,’ longitudinal and 27
to 33 transverse series, obtusely pointed, strongly keeled, and shortly mucronate.
33 to 38 plates and scales round the middle of the body. Preanal plate moderately
broad, sometimes not broader than long, smooth or feebly bicarinate, rarely longi-
tudinally bisected,’ with smaller keeled plates in front and on the sides.

Upper surface of limbs with rhombic keeled scales and granules. One or two
femoral pores on each side.’ 24 to 29 lamellar scales under the fourth toe.

Caudal scales strongly keeled and shortly mucronate, the keels forming 4 very
strong ridges on the upper surface of the basal part of the tail, the whorls nearly
equal in length, the fourth or fifth containing 14 to 18 scales.

Brownish olive above, sometimes with darker spots which may form lines along
the keels of the dorsal plates ; often a yellowish or greenish white dorso-lateral streak,
starting from the superciliary edge; a dark streak from the nostril to the eye, and
a dark band on the temple and on the side of the neck, often continued on the body,
where it may be spotted with greenish white, a light streak from the lower eyelid,

| 4 specimens present this exception, according to Van Denburgh.

2’Lhe rule in T. stejnegeri of Van Denburg; in 9 specimens examined by him the series of granules between the
supraoculars and the superciliaries is complete, as is the rule in the typical T. foymosanus.

3 3 0n each side in a male from Punkiho and in a female from Kanshirei.

+ 4 shields on one side in two specimens examined by Van Denburgh.

5 Van Denburgh says the ventrals are in 8 rows, not reckoning as such the adjacent plates which are often quite
as long and must be regarded as ventrals.

6 In one of the types from C. Formosa.—Tfwo keeled plates in 3 specimens and two smooth plates in one of
T. stejnegeri, two keeled plates in 4 specimens and two smooth plates in 2 of T. formosanus (out of 178), according to
Van Denburgh.,

7 Van Denburgh found 2 pores on one side in one specimen referred by him to 7. stejnegeri; the specimens with a
single pore (with 9 exceptions out of 284 specimens) are regarded as typical T. formosanus.

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 22]

through the lower part of the ear-opening, to the shoulder, sometimes continued on
the side of the body. A black streak on the hinder side of the thigh. Lower parts
yellowish or greenish white.

Measurements, in millimetres. TP ig VO 4s BSeO
From end of snout to vent Es 48 ae 4— 45 44 50 45 52
55 SepeLone; Limaloeer. Sa ae iG) 17h tly Aue “Ko 30)

Head 2s : ws te Ae 10) 302 do) Ske} GEIR ee
Width of head BS ye br 36 Oo YF GOP Diy ap F
Depth of head . Bt 23 fs 5 Or O10.
Fore limb ks ae ie B7 TARTS LSae LO LOM meno
Hind limb an a fs i. ZO 220) 2s 2Oy 22) ene
Foot 2; i: = a oe: LIC 1G2) SHO) a0) RSY 363}
Tail a 5 Ar BE ae 87 — 122 165 138 140

I. 2, Taiwanfoo, type. 2. 3, C. Formosa, type. 3. 9, C. Formosa, type. 4. &, Taipeh, co-
type of T. stejnegeri. 5. #, Punkiho. 6. 9, Kanshirei.

Particulars of specimens examined.

Tih} 2a) picks hv 1dins it Oey eerie Ko Loy
@?, Taiwanfoo, type .. xe Be Antena? Om One LONE 3 2pmeTON 232. 62H!
3, Central Formosa, type a a AS mEOo mi memOn £20 ImrL 26, 22)2) 2.5
2 6 ” py is = Ores Olney eTOn Om On 2Aun2euau
fe 4 an 55 oe ae AAS Teo LO! eSly Ligue eee a aa!
4A %5 e 35 5h F ATi gOe s/s LOe NGO) Llge2 Ole Quer
3, Taipeh, co-type of T. stejnegert. 2 Os SY O15) ehh Came 15) St Ao,
> Llainan, ii + ae dish 346) Gp 3G). XO) ait, 6) he XS
,, Punkiho HSS oe BNSK 27) ao) Grate 0) ae
5 » Soe Amma Ome 22h Ane 2525
,. Kanshirei ! D2 eo O a Oks 30) SLOee2o melee 2
.. Tamsut AAS fae SON oO ee 2 5 he a2

Table as on p. 212.

Habitat. Formosa and Pascadores Islands.

T. formosanus is very closely allied to T. septentrionalis, differing in the presence
of 6 series of large plates along the back instead of 4, and by the frequent presence
of ro series of ventral plates instead of 8. The size is smaller and the green colour is
absent from the sides. I am convinced that Van Denburgh’s proposal to separate
this species into two, one with normally two femoral pores (7. formosanus), the other
with one (7. stejnegert) is untenable, the general agreement being too great and the
supposed. distinctive characters too slight and too inconstant to justify such a course.

6. Tachydromus khasiensis, sp.n.
Tachydromus sexlineatus, part., Bouleng. Cat. Liz. iii, p. 4 (1887), and Faun. Ind., Rept.. p. 169
(1890) ; Gtinth. Ann. and Mag. N.H. (6) i, 1888, p. 167.
Body scarcely depressed. Head about 13 times as long as broad, its depth
equal to the distance between the centre of the eye and the tympanum, its length

| This specimen was received from the Museum of the California Academy under the name of 7. stejnegeri. Vet in
his description Van Denburgh refers all the specimens trom Kanshurei to T. formosanus, thus showing the uncertainty
in distinguishing the two supposed species. The author rightly observed that unfortunately no one of the distinctive
characters is absolutely constant in all specimens.

229 G. A. BOULENGER ON

4 to 44 times in length to vent in males, 44 to 5 times in females ; snout pointed,
with sharp canthus and nearly vertical loreal region, as long as the postocular part
of the head. Pileus twice as long as broad. Neck narrower than the head. Hind
limb reaching the wrist in females, the elbow in males; foot as long as the head.
Tail a little over twice the length of head and body.

Nostril pierced between 3 to 5 shields. Rostral usually entering the nostril;
upper head shields rugose ; frontonasal broader than long, not or but slightly broader
than the internarial space ; preefrontals forming an extensive suture; frontal as long
as or shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, 1} to 13 times as long as
broad, of subequal width throughout or a little narrower behind than in front;
parietals 14 to 13 times as long as broad ; interparietal 1} to 2 times as long as broad,
much longer than the occipital, which may be broader. 3 supraoculars, first longer
than the second and usually in contact with the second loreal ; 3 superciliaries, second
longest ; no granules between the supraoculars and the superciliaries. Nasal forming
a suture with its fellow behind the rostral and with the anterior loreal above the
postnasal, which may be very small or absent, in which case the loreal borders the
nostril; anterior loreal shorter than the second ; 3 or 4 upper labials' anterior to
the subocular, which is not or but little narrower beneath than above. Temporal
scales moderately large or rather small, hexagonal, keeled; 1, 2, or 3 large upper
temporals, first sometimes in contact with the fourth supraocular ; a long and narrow
tympanic shield.

3 pairs of chin-shields, first and second in contact in the middle. 17 to 22 gular
scales in the median line, anterior narrow, juxtaposed, smooth or faintly keeled,
posterior increasing in size, imbricate, keeled, and merging gradually into the collar,
the plates of which are very distinct, pointed, keeled, and 10 or 11 in number.

Dorsal plates truncate or shortly mucronate behind, in 6 or 8 longitudinal series
on the neck, in 4 on the body. Ventral plates obtusely pointed or shortly
mucronate, strongly keeled, in 12 longitudinal and 22 to 25 transverse series. Sides
with one upper and one lower series of smaller keeled scales and a median granular
area. 26 to 28 plates and scales round the middle of the body. Preanal plate
rather large, smooth or feebly bicarinate, bordered by a semicircle of small keeled
plates.

Upper surface of limbs with rhombic keeled scales. 2 or 3 femoral pores on
each side. Subdigital lamellz single, 19 or 20 under the fourth toe.

Caudal scales strongly keeled and mucronate, the keels forming 4 very strong
ridges on the upper surface of the basal part of the tail ; the whorls nearly equal in
length, the fourth or fifth containing 14 or 16 scales.

Olive above, with a yellowish or greenish white, usually black-edged dorso-lateral
streak starting from the superciliary edge; a dark lateral band from the nostril,
through the eye and involving the upper half of the ear-opening, to the tail, edged
below by a light streak. Lower parts greenish white (in spirit). Tail reddish in the
young.

! 3 in two specimens, 4 in two, 3—4 in the two others.

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 223

Measurements, in millimetres. cd fe)
From end of snout to vent a: Be Ar Ss 48 51

ern eee sek 450 Lore) Limb, a 5 i ae LOpaL
Head S3 ts = a Sie a TL kos
Width of head .. a i a Ae ne 65 6
Depth of head .. tte ais a Ae Ag 5 5
Fore limb He ze af ae ee an idoyr 55
Hind limb a Be are ae oe : XO} it
Foot zy : & RG Ate me Tiersen
Tail Pr a oe ae Be oe — 108

Particulars of specimens examined.

Ts Paes ter are) 6 7. 8. 9
3 As ae 3: A Seo RAO eR 2A te MTs = DT eS =2eeTO
5 71k) SeXy sks A =) 50) | Bday ?
x Ane Oar ingen geo 2 ee meee me Ou 2 te TTC)
g Rey apfoh Als SEAS GYEWe AGG) | A NX)
; Pie? OMe o > ee eTOn, 2he 62) TG

Table as on p. 212.

Habitat. Khasi hills, near Assam. Six specimens, from the collection of
Dr. T. C. Jerdon, are preserved in the British Museum. Jerdon referred them to
T. sexlineatus (Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, p. 72).

This species may be regarded as intermediate between T. tachydromotdes and
T. sexlineatus, as observed by Giinther in 1888: ‘‘ Specimens of T. sexlineatus from
Khassya, in the British Museum, have on the whole a somewhat shorter and less
tapering snout, also shorter toes than the typical form, and approach in these
respects T. meridionalis.”’

7. Tachydromus smaragdinus, Blgr.
Tachydromus smaragdinus, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 147, pl. xvii, fig. 2, and pl. xviii,
fig. 1, and Cat. Liz. iii, p. 509 (1887); Giinth. Ann. and Mag. N.H. (6) i, 1888, p. 168 ;
Stejueg. Herp. Japan, p. 236, fig. (1907) ; Van Denb. Proc. Calif. Ac. (4) ili, 1912, p. 247.

Body scarcely depressed. Head twice or nearly twice as long as broad, its
depth equal to the distance between the centre of the eye and the tympanum, its
length 3} to 4 times in length to vent in males, 4 to 44 times in females ; snout
acutely pointed, with sharp canthus and nearly vertical loreal region, a little longer
than the postocular part of the head. Pileus 2} to 24 times as long as broad. Neck
narrower than the head. Hind limb reaching the elbow or the axil in females, the
axil or the shoulder in males; foot a little longer than the head. Tail 2} to 3}
times as long as head and body.

Nostril pierced between 3 or 4 shields. Rostral sometimes entering the nostril ;
frontonasal as long as broad or longer than broad ; prefrontals forming a usually ex-
tensive suture: frontal as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of
the snout, 14 to 2 times as long as broad, narrower behind than in front ; parietals
1} to 1} times as long as broad, often separated from the very small occipital by one

224 G. A. BOULENGER ON

or two small shields or by the parietals meeting in the middle. 3 or 4 supraoculars, |
first, if present, very small or reduced to a granule, second usually longer than
the third, fourth small and sometimes broken up into granules ; 4 or 5 superciliaries,
first and second elongate, first often in contact with the second supraocular ; a com-
plete or incomplete series of granules between the supraoculars and the superciliaries.
Nasal usually forming a suture with its fellow behind the rostral* and with the
anterior loreal above the postnasal, which may be very small or absent ;* anterior
loreal shorter than the second ; 4, rarely 5,* upper labials anterior to the subocular,
which is usually not or but little narrower beneath than above. Temporal scales
very small, granular, obtusely keeled, 10 to 15 on a line between the orbit and the
tympanum ; an enlarged anterior upper temporal, exceptionally ° in contact with the
fourth supraocular ; a very narrow tympanic shield usually present.

3 pairs of chin-shields, first or first and second, exceptionally all three,’ in con-
tact in the middle. 21 to 34 gular scales in the median line, anterior granular and
faintly keeled, posterior increasing in size, imbricate, keeled, and merging gradually
into the plates of the very distinct collar, which are pointed, keeled, and 10 to 13 in
number.

Dorsal plates truncate, obtusely pointed or rounded behind, in 8 or 10, rarely
7, longitudinal series on the body, equal or the median pair smaller and more
irregular, often in roseries anteriorly and 7 posteriorly. A lateral series of large keeled
scales, corresponding to the light lateral streak, separated from the ventral plates by
2 or 3 series of smaller scales and from the dorsals by a broad granular area. Ventral
plates pointed and mucronate, strongly keeled, in 6 or 8 longitudinal and 26 to 31
transverse series. 37 to 45 plates and scales round the middle of the body. Preeanal
plate rather large, entire and often bicarinate in males, usually longitudinally divided
in females, with smaller keeled plates on the sides.

Upper surface of limbs with rhombic keeled scales. A single femoral pore on each
side. Subdigital lamellae mostly divided, 23 to 27 (exceptionally 31) under the fourth
toe.

Caudal scales strongly keeled and shortly mucronate, in subequal whorls, the
fourth containing 14 to 18 scales.

Bright green above; a pale yellow streak along each side, from the upper lip to
the groin or to above the axil, passing below the tympanum ;' males usually with a
broad grey or bronzy lateral band above the yellow streak. Lower parts greenish
yellow.

| Of the 11 type specimens before me, 5 have 4 supraoculars, 5 have 3, and one has 4 on one side and 3 on the other
In the original description I noted 4 supraoculars in 19 cases out of 26.

2 Van Denburgh finds the rostral in contact with the frontonasal in about 69 p. cent. of the specimens from Amami,
in about 10 p. cent. of those from Kikaiga, and in about 5 p. cent of those from Okinawa.

5 Absent in one specimen. + On one side only in 3 specimens

5 In one specimen.

6 In one specimen.—Van Denburgh finds, 4 pairs in 12 cases, and 3 on one side and 4 on the other in 16, out of 151
specimens.

1 The specimens from Miyako examined by Van Denburgh show no trace of the light lateral streak, even on the
head. In some of the specimens from the Northern islands there is a light dorso-lateral streak.

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 225

Measurements, in millimetres. of 2
From end of snout to vent 50 8655

6 ee eTOresiiim St ae fe oe igs) <A)
Head Se sat te o: uk =x 17 = 308}
Width of head .. fs a =e ath a 62597
Depth of head .. ae a a at 5 6
Fore limb aS i an ae re ne 20 20
Hind limb te e As 4 ie $5 Dy OG)
Foot 5 So ae ne i6 ae I5 14
Tail ae af Ss Be oo a A US

Particulars of specimens examined (the types).

H
bo
i
oS
Vi
if
CO
No)

of 50: Al 0 I

HOMES Oe Om One ZOny hen 22). cement
: Ae) Sif (BR ato a aie 126)
ep 475, 3809, - Os 29) 01T 27 11 24
: AOS Cin mi Ole2 Olmel2 p25 eel ZS
» Aly SI) i), WO" Ag) 2S)
2 Eee Ome Om ON 20 lane Ay7me clon 2A
a TAG al (OMe Ome 2 nO tomeTaN 20
a3 Awe A Ome Os On 20) 2220 anie aor
A ANO) © seX0) biieye (O)n shel Wace 277M ot! WAXO)
3 Hifi ey BYr aa) (Ye BY ES AO) AG hs yy

Table as on p. 212.

Habitat. Loo Choo or Riu Kiu Islands: Okinawa, Miyakoshima, Amami,
Oshima, and Kikaiga.

According to Van Denburgh, the specimens from Miyakoshima have the ventrals
in 8 longitudinal series and lack the light lateral streak, whilst those from the
other islands have the ventrals in 6 series, rarely 8, and the light lateral streak is
present.

This is a very sharply defined species, equally remote from 7. septentrionalis and
from T. sexlineatus, although occupying a somewhat intermediate position between
the two as regards form and lepidosis.

8. Tachydromus sauteri, Van Denb.
Takydromus sautervi, Van Denb. Proc. Calif. Ac. (4) iii. 1909, p. 50, and t.c. 1912, p. 251.

Body scarcely depressed. Head twice or nearly twice as long as broad, its depth
equal to the distance between the centre of the eye and the tympanum, its length 4
times in length to vent in males, 44 times in females ; snout acutely pointed, with
sharp canthus and nearly vertical loreal region, a little longer than the postocular
part of the head. Pileus 2} to 2} times as long as broad. Neck narrower than the
head. Hind limb reaching the elbow in females, the axil in males; foot a little
longer than the head. ‘Tail 31 to 4 times as long as head and body.

Nostril pierced between 4 or 5 shields. Rostral entering the nostril ; frontonasal

226 G. A. BOULENGER ON

longer than broad ; prefrontals forming an extensive suture ; frontal a little shorter
than its distance from the end of the snout, 13 times as long as broad, narrower be-
hind than in front ; parietals 13 times as long as broad ; interparietal 14 to 1% times
as long as broad, separated from the very small occipital by the parietals meeting
in the middle. 4 supraoculars, first very small, second longer than the third, fourth
small but larger than the first ; 3 superciliaries, first and second elongate ; a complete
series of granules between the supraoculars and the superciliaries. Nasal usually
forming a suture with its fellow behind the rostral' and in contact with the anterior
loreal above the postnasal, unless its posterior portion be detached to form a second
postnasal ;* anterior loreal as long as or shorter than the second ; 4 upper labials’
anterior to the subocular, which is not or but little narrower beneath than above.
Temporal scales very small, granular, obtusely keeled, 12 on a line between the orbit
and the tympanum; a feebly enlarged anterior upper temporal; a very narrow
tympanic shield.

4 pairs of chin-shields,* the 3 anterior in contact in the middle. 22 to 24 gular
scales in the median line, anterior granular and faintly keeled, posterior increasing in
size, imbricate, keeled, and merging gradually into the plates of the very distinct
collar, which are pointed, keeled, and Io to 12 in number.

Dorsal plates obtusely pointed or rounded behind, in 7 or 8 longitudinal series
on the body, the median smaller.’ Ventral plates obtusely pointed and mucronate,
very strongly keeled, in 6 longitudinal and 27 or 28 transverse series. 2 or 3 series
of keeled scales on the side above the ventral plates, separated from the dorsals by a
broad granular area. 28 to 32 plates and scales round the middle of the body.
Preeanal plate rather larger,” bicarinate, with one or two smaller keeled plates on each
side.

Upper surface of limbs with rhombic keeled scales. A single femoral pore on
each side. Subdigital lamelle single, or partly single and partly paired, 24 under
the fourth toe.

Caudal scales strongly keeled and shortly mucronate, in subequal whorls, the
fourth containing 12 or 14 scales.

Bright green above ; a white streak along each side, from the upper lip to the
groin, passing below the tympanum and along the upper half of the outer row of
ventral plates, continued on the base of the tail. Limbs and tail often reddish.
One of the specimens described by Van Denburgh has a dark red-brown band along
the side, from the eye, just above the white streak, to the tail, where it spreads over
the upper surface. Lower parts white.

Rostral in contact with the frontonasal in 2 specimens out of 51 examined by Van Denburgh.

2 As in one of the two specimens here described.

$5 in the type specimen described by Van Denburgh.

+ 5 in one specimen, 3—¥4 in another, according to Van Denburgh.

5 According to Van Denburgh, there are usually two median series of small plates anteriorly and one posteriorly, or
3—-2—1, 2—1—0, 1 throughout, or 1—o. One specimen has only 1 row of large plates on each side of the back, separated
by about 7 rows of smaller, irregular plates

5 Iyxceptionally divided, according to Van Denburgh

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 227

Measurements, in millimetres. i Se
From end of snout to vent .. BE Sis a ys GO) 55

East 5). store limb sie 2: a es Ig Ig
Head.. a aie oe as ae as 13 13
Width ofhead .. Ses os x es i 7 OFF
Depth of head .. of at ae : = O = 55
Fore limb ‘ : St : ‘ts 2220)
Hind limb ; ee de 2: ae ae 260 26
Foot .. I5 14
ite! -o. oye és oe 2h a Se Z00MEOS

Particulars of specimens examined.

2 OA On 27 Se?
2) ”
Table as on p. 212.
Habitat. Formosa.
Closely allied to T. smaragdinus, but readily distinguished by the number of
chin-shields, the lower number of plates and scales round the middle of the body, the
longer tail, and the position of the light lateral streak.

3, Cochun oie is os 5 2
39. S258 0, 2s) SO Oak

g. Tachydromus sexlineatus, Daud.

Takydromus sexlineatus, Daud. Hist. Rept. iii, p. 256, pl. xxxix (1802); Brongn. Mém. Savy.
Etr. Ac. Paris, i. 1806, p. 627, pl. ii, fig. 8; Dum. et Bibr. Erp. Gén. v, p. 158 (1839);
Gray, Cat. Liz., p. 52 (1845); Gtinth. Rept. Brit. Ind., p. 69, pl. vili, fig. C. (1864); Stoliczka,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xii, 1872, p. 87; Giinth. Nov. Zool. i1. 1895, p. 499; Laidlaw, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Igor, p. 310; Annandale, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. (2) i. 1905, p. 140; Bouleng. Vert.
Faun. Mal. Pen., Rept., p. 79 (1912) ; De Rooij, Rept. Ind.-Mal. Arch. i, p. 154, fig. (1915).

Takydromus quadrilineatus, Daud. t. c., p. 252. 4

Tachydromus ocellatus (Cuv.), Guér. Icon. R. An., Rept. pl. vi, fig. 3 (1829); Duvern. R. An.,
Rept. pl. xi (1836).

Tachydromus typus, Gray, Ann. N.H. i. 1838, p. 389.

Tachydromus sexlineatus, var. @neofuscus, Peters. Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 405.

Tachydromus meridionalis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 70, pl. viii, fig. D, and Ann. and Mag.
N.H. (6) i. 1888, p. 167.

Tachydromus sexlineatus, part., Bouleng. Cat. Liz. iii, p. 4 (1887), and Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 169
(z890) ; Gtinth. Ann. and Mag. N.H. (6) i. 1888, p. 167.

Lachydromus stkkimensis, Giinth l.c.

Body not depressed. Head about twice as long as broad, its depth equal to the
distance between the centre of the eye and the tympanum, its length 3? to 4} times
in length to vent in males, 4 to 44+ times in females; snout acutely pointed, with
sharp canthus and nearly vertical loreal region, as long as the postocular part of the
head. Pileus 25 to 2} times as long as broad. Neck narrower than the head. Hind
limb reaching the elbow or the axil ; foot as long as or a little longer than the head
Tail 3 to 5 times as long as head and body.

Nostril pierced between 3 or 4 shields. Rostral sometimes entering the nostril ;
upper head-shields smooth or feebly rugose ; frontonasal as long as broad or longer

228 G. A. BOULENGER ON

than broad ; preefrontals forming a median suture ;' frontal as long as or shorter than
its distance from the end of the snout, 1} to 2 times as long as broad, narrower be-
hind than in front; parietals 13 to 2 times as long as broad; interparietal 14 to 2
times as long as broad ; occipital usually shorter than the interparietal, sometimes
nearly as long and a little broader, sometimes separated from it by one® or two’* small
shields, or by the parietals meeting in the middle.’ 3 supraoculars, first longer than
the second and in contact with the second loreal, third small and rarely ° in contact
with the frontoparietal ; 3, very rarely 4, superciliaries, second longest ; granules
between the supraoculars and the superciliaries absent or reduced to one or two.
Nasal usually forming a very short suture with its fellow behind the rostral ® and with
the anterior loreal above the postnasal ;' anterior loreal shorter than the second ; 4
upper labials, rarely 3* or 5,’ anterior to the subocular, which is narrower beneath
than above. ‘Temporal scales moderately large, rhombic or hexagonal, strongly
keeled ; one, two, or three large, keeled upper temporals, first very rarely “° in contact
with the fourth supraocular ; a long and narrow tympanic shield.

3 pairs of chin-shields,'' first or first and second in contact in the middle; 15 to
24 gular scales on the median line, anterior narrow, juxtaposed, feebly keeled, then
increasing in size, imbricate, pointed, keeled, and merging gradually into the rather
indistinct collar, which is composed of 8 to 12 plates.

Dorsal plates truncate and shortly mucronate behind, in 6 or 8 longitudinal
series on the neck, 4 or 6 on the anterior part of the body; 4, very rarely 6, in the
middle of the body, 4 on the lumbar region.'* Ventral plates obtusely pointed and
shortly mucronate, strongly keeled, in 10 or 12 longitudinal and 21 to 28 transverse
series. A rather irregular series of large keeled scales borders the ventral plates
and is separated from the dorsals by a granular area. 28 to 38 plates and scales
round the middle of the body. Preanal plate rather large, more or less distinctly
bicarinate, with smaller keeled plates on the sides.

Upper surface of limbs with rhombic keeled scales. I or 2, very rarely 3,
femoral pores on each side.'* Subdigital lamelle single or partly divided, 18 to 26
under the fourth toe, usually 21 to 26.

! Separated by one or two small shields in one specimen from Saigon and in another from Borneo.
2 In one specimen from Borneo. 3 In one specimen from Saigon.
+ Single specimens from S. China, Saigon, Rangoon and Java.
5 One specimen from $. China, one from Saigon, and two from Great Natuna.
6 In single specimens from Ma Son Mts., Great Natuna, and Borneo, the rostral is narrowly in contact with the
frontonasai.
71 In one specimen from Saigon the posterior portion of the nasal is detached to form a second postnasal ; the post-
nasal is absent on one side in a specimen from Matang.
8 On both side in one specimen from Great Natuna and in one from Java; on one side in one from Matang and in
one from Java.
4 On one side in two specimens from Saigon and in one from Great Natuna. 10 In one specimen from Matang.
\| There are exceptions. Out of 25 specimens from Sikkim Stoliczka found 4 with 4 pairs and one with 3 shields on
one side and 4 on the other. Annandale found 2 with 4 pairs out of 27 from the Eastern Himalayas, Assam and Burma.
\2 There is sometimes irregularity on the two sides of the same specimen; thus in a female from Siam there are
2 plates on one side and 3 on the other in the two transverse series of dorsal plates just before the middle of the body.
13 Stoliczka’s statement that they vary from 3 to 6 in Sikkim specimens requires confirmation. The specimens on

which his description is based are not in the Caleutta Museum, Dr. Annandale informs me.

THE LIZARES OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 229

Caudal scales strongly keeled and mucronate, the keels forming 4 very strong
ridges on the upper surface of the basal part of the tail, the whorls nearly equal in
length, the fourth or fifth containing 12 to 18 scales.

Greenish olive, bronze brown, or reddish above, with metallic gloss; usually a
white or whitish dorso-lateral streak,’ often edged with a black line or a broad black
band, originating on the superciliary edge or just behind the parietal shield; the
black band bordering the white streak produced on the side of the head ; a white,
sometimes black-edged streak from the loreal region to the shoulder, passing through
the middle of the tympanum, sometimes continued on the side of the body ; males
often with a series of small white, black-edged ocelli above the lower lateral streak ;
hinder side of thigh often with a black streak ; limbs and tail often reddish. Lower
parts yellowish or greenish white.

Measurements, in millimetres. re Ze Bib eA amas
From end of snout to vent ae = =: Abe AQh = 5a bye Ol:

aA eniee Cues eee TOReI MIT oir eo ia 17 TO 322) 2 2 2k
Head x a Bs ae stag Tee Sache Magis ain
Width of head ae is 35 1 6 6 7 7 7
Depth of head FS So 7 6 6
Fore limb an oe ; : Bug) ALD WHO) T) | opin n 2%)
Hind limb s ae % a: DEAD. S2O me 228
Foot a =e Bi. = a 1s IPF SEG Gey el

Tail : ars a ae: 145 200 280 215 255
I. 6, 9. China, type of T. meridionalis. 2.. 9, ditto. 3. 3&, Great Natuna. 4. o, Java. 5. 2,
Matang.
Particulars of specimens examined.

Ee Dae Bee tavtle 5 6. 7. 8. Q.
¢, Amoy, China of ae Bs Bhsh — 7k aD BY BOAO). SARS): ee
» > 9. China (type of I. meridionalis) Ana OO mea fen Ahem 22 Oo) Se at, he
2 2 : ; 53 32 4 12 24 sae) 1g I 18
3 ; ae : AG etesS geet ripen 2 ree 2A tee 2 Olen esTe era
aA . 5 3 x ATs Ose |e Aen? Sue Obese > Pane TO
3, Man Son Mts., Tonkin : RS ane ee yl 8 hep ea G20 Tae 22
.,, waigon (Lataste Coll.) CORSO 7Are Aare 1 Onde? OM ars gre 2h tarl ate 22

Bay a Vi = a Sy Pat 3S) Seen ae

Some eee Aba LOM 220m lls 2Ou gat) <2)
x = SS aes Olea Ome 2a Onan e2AN es sn 2A!

725 5 a GigeteS Cee eae OMe 2 Ol el OmeenoTee ete = 12!
Oe me 4 ue A eae 1 Olena 2/7 aan OMe 23 loge Tp are 25
” r Hs FG ees Amie Aeon ON S20) ee ar 22
3 , Sittong, Sikkim (Indian Museum). Oe? OMEN ue KOArne2 Si TOG se 20a oh 25
9, Rangoon ai BORIS 4a AS aeLObe Sayre Tat 23) 902.7. 26
4g 56 ; Ome eee Apes hOn 24 TOR Geel Gia, iy, 25
* 5 a : ING) Bak Zh dO AR Oem 22 28
3, Bangkok, Siam “is ey, Sef AB yl» GS poe Gea Soy Sage eae
2, 56 5; ot oe 51 Shs ear 30) 23 IQ) 23} I 22

| Absent in the specimens from Rangoon.

230 G. A. BOULENGER ON

I 2 3h 4 5 6 7 8 9

2, Maprit, Siam a ~ 50) 530) 4. SLO 25) lOO) cn 28

3, Jalor 525 345 OF ee) eo re ioe, eee aot

¥, Great Natuna Id. ye 57) 30.” Sd) TOPs 25an eg eee oe 22
3i/ 32 4 10 25 Io 19g 2 25

Sims ek BOR IN ocr Xo) = Lie ato)

55) 20) S40) 06 24 Aa aesy 36 AKO)

BAP 32) SrA sl Zeme 23) Pei oe alc] ae ene

2 x 60) Sie 4) SLON 20 sO eo mn cmEcO
3, Matang, Borneo si or ole Syl a iB eae) © © eat Il Li, ie) ee
fo} 61 209 4 na6) 22 1G 6 ids) 2 22
3, Borneo: «. : a6 Sy ge gw! 10 23 IO 20 2 24
55). 63018 4= So S23 @) Make) at As

? a 6295339) AU Oe 2D Q 18iy ee.) 23
3, Java 58 5 ee IO 25 Cy ame a0 24
57 3 ee ee) a2 O Oye VEN Be AS

. 56 332 4 OP 25) | LOR 2a cee

By be eyje= Vig Sno) Ob Gk A D8 AG)

% BO 8500 4e SLO NE25 sen 0 Meee 2s
? AQ, 34° 44" “om 328 Oty 238" 279-26

Table as on p. 212.

Habitat. From Southern China and the Eastern Himalayas through Indo-China,
Assam, Burma, Siam, and the Malay Peninsula to the Malay Archipelago (Natuna
Islands, Sumatra, Banka, Borneo, Java). Reaches an altitude of 1,200 m. in Java.

10. Tachydromus haughtonianus, Jerd.

Tachydromus haughtonianus, Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, p. 72; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc.
1871, p. 156; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli, 1872, p. 88; Ginth. Ann. and Mag. N.H.
(6) i, 1888, p. 169.

Tachydromus septentrionalis, (non Gtinth.), Annandale, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. (2) i, 1905, p. 139.

Body not depressed. Head 2} times as long as broad, its depth equal to the
distance between the centre of the eye and the tympanum, its length 4} times in
length to vent ; snout acutely pointed, with sharp canthus and nearly vertical loreal
region, as long as the postocular part of the head. Pileus 2} times as long as broad.
Neck a little narrower than the head. Hind limb reaching the axil ; foot as Jong as
the head. ‘Tail 2? times as long as head and body.

Nostril pierced between 4 shields. Rostral entering the nostril ; upper head-
shields smooth ; frontonasal longer than broad ; prefrontals forming a median suture ;
frontal shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, 13 times as long as broad,
narrower behind than in front; parietals nearly twice as long as broad ; interparietal
1} times as long as broad ; occipital as broad as and shorter than the interparietal.
3 supraoculars, first longer than the second and in contact with the second loreal,
third very small and narrowly separated from the frontoparietal ; 5 superciliaries,
second longest, all in contact with the supraoculars. Nasal forming a very short
suture with its fellow behind the rostral and with the anterior loreal above the post-
nasal; anterior loreal shorter than the second; 4 or 5 upper labials anterior to the

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 231

subocular, which is as broad beneath as above. ‘Temporal scales very small,
hexagonal, keeled ; two large upper temporals, keeled above, first not in contact with
the fourth supraocular ; a long and narrow tympanic shield.

4 pairs of chin-shields, the 3 anterior in contact in the middle; 26 gular scales
in the median line, anterior narrow, juxtaposed, smooth, posterior increasing in size,
imbricate, pointed, strongly keeled, and passing gradually into the ventral plates,
there being no trace of a collar.

Dorsal plates truncate and shortly mucronate behind, in 6 longitudinal series on
the neck and body. Ventral plates truncate and shortly mucronate, strongly keeled,
in 10 longitudinal and 30 transverse series; no large scales bordering the ventral
plates. 32 plates and scales round the middle of the body. Preanal plate large,
bicarinate, with smaller keeled plates on the sides.

Upper surface of limbs with rhombic keeled scales. A single femoral pore on
each side.' Subdigital lamella single, 22 under the fourth toe.

Caudal scales strongly keeled and shortly mucronate, the keels forming 6 ridges
on the upper surface of the basal part of the tail ; the whorls nearly equal in length,
the fourth containing 18 scales.

Reddish brown above, with a broad whitish streak on each side, proceeding
from the superciliary edge ; below this a dark brown lateral streak, proceeding from
the nostril and passing through the eye and the tympanum ; limbs reddish. Lower
parts yellowish white.

Measurements, in millimetres.

From end of snout to vent ne =: oy ae oe 60

a ea ee OTe vim bree a ne : nit 23
Head ie 3 oe = a ae w I4
Wdith of head Ee me a 5% : ae 6
Depth of head i. oe oe e: ve x 5
Fore limb 25
Hind limb Se ne ie Be a 30
Foot an a bts a Xs Pee si 16
Tail ba sti < Sif ee ae eeAS

This species is known froma single male specimen, from Goalpara in Assam,
preserved in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, which has been kindly entrusted to me
for description by Dr. Annandale.

It is-closely allied to T. sexlineatus, but differs in the still narrower head, the
shorter tail, the number of series of dorsal plates, the smaller temporal scales, and
the total absence of a collar.

Platyplacopus, g. n.

Head-shields normal. Nostril pierced between the nasal, one or two postnasals,
and the first upper labial. Lower eyelid scaly. Collar distinct: Back with large,
plate-like, imbricate scales with strong keels forming continuous lines; sides with

! Giinther’s statement that there are 2 pores is due to a misunderstanding of Anderson’s description, which men-
tions ‘* one pair of femoral pores.”’

bo
ho

G. A. BOULENGER ON

ae)

granular scales; ventral plates obtusely pointed, imbricate, smooth or feebly keeled.
Digits slightly depressed, with large transversely elliptic smooth lamellz inferiorly,
the distal joint compressed, bent at an angle and covered with narrow lamelle in-
feriorly. Femoral pores reduced to 3 to 5 on each side. Tail very long, cylindrical.

Southern China and Formosa.

Distinguished from Tachydromus by the structure of the digits, which repro-
duces the condition known in the Geckonid genus Gymnodactylus. In this respect it
is more specialized than Tachydromus, whist nearer to Lacerta in having occasionally
as many as 5 femoral pores.

1. Platyplacopus kuehnei, Van Denb.

Tachydromus kuehnei, Van Denb. Proc. Calif. Ac. (4) iii, 1909, p. 50, and t. c. IgI2, p. 252; T.
Vogt. Sitzb. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl., 1914, p. 99.

Body feebly depressed. Head flat above, nearly twice as long as broad, its
depth equal to the distance between the centre of the eye and the tympanum, its
length 3} times (male) in length to vent ; snout acutely pointed, as long as the post-
ocular part of the head, with sharp canthus and vertical loreal region. Pileus
sightly more than twice as long as broad. Neck narrower than the head. Hind
limb reaching the axil (male) ; foot as long as the head. Tail more than twice as long
as head and body.

Nostril pierced between 3 or 4 shields. Rostral not touching the nostril, rarely
in contact with the frontonasal;' upper head-shields rather rough with faint striz
and pits ; frontonasal a little longer than broad; prefrontals forming an extensive
median suture ; frontal with a median keel, a little shorter than its distance from the
end of the snout, as long as the frontoparietals, 13 times as long as broad, a little -
narrower behind than in front ; parietals 13 times as long as broad; interparietal 14
times as long as broad, separated from the smaller occipital by a short suture formed
by the parietals. 4 supraoculars, first very small, second and third equal, fourth
small; 4 superciliaries, first and second elongate, first in contact with the second
supraocular and followed by a series of granules.” Two superposed postnasals‘;
anterior loreal much shorter than the second; 4 upper labials* anterior to the sub-
ocular, which is a little narrower beneath than above. Temporal scales very small,
granular, keeled; an enlarged anterior upper temporal, not in contact with the fourth
supraocular ; a very narrow tympanic shield.

4 pairs of chin-shields, the 3 anterior in contact in the middle; 28 gular scales
on the median line, anterior granular, posterior increasing in size, imbricate, feebly
keeled, and merging gradually into the plates of the collar, which are pointed, feebly
keeled, and II in number.

Dorsal plates truncate behind, in 6* regular longitudinal series, with a vertebral

! According to Vogt. 2 The series sometimes complete, according to Van Denburgh.
8 This is probably an individual abnormality in the specimen examined by me, as no mention is made by Van
Denburgh of two postnasals.

+ 4 series in one specimen out of 13, according to Van Denburgh.

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 235

series of small scales anteriorly. Ventral plates in 6 longitudinal series, only the
outer keeled ; 28 transverse series. Sides minutely granular. 42 plates and granules
round the middle of the body. Preanal plate rather small, bordered by one semi-
circle of small smooth plates.

Upper surface of limbs with rhombic keeled scales. 4 femoral pores on each
side.' 23 lamellar scales under the fourth toe.

Caudal scales strongly keeled and shortly mucronate, the whorls alternately a
little longer and shorter, the fourth containing 18 scales.

Olive-brown above, the dorso-lateral area (two rows of plates) lighter; two
biackish streaks, formed of spots close together, along the middle of the back ; a
blackish tateral band, from the nostril, through the eye and involving the upper half
of the ear-opening, to the base of the tail, dotted with whitish on the body; repro-
duced tail reddish. Lower parts white.

The specimen selected as the type is thus described by Van Denburgh :—

“The colour above is greenish olive, becoming lighter yellowish olive on the
limbs and tail. The sides are dark olive brown. A light line, edged above with
dark brown, starts at the nostril, crosses the lower eyelid, the lower part of the ear-
opening, and fades away above the axilla. The upper labials, dorsals, limbs and tail
are dotted or spotted with dark brown. ‘The lower surfaces are greenish white,
tinged with orange on the tail.”

Measurements, in millimetres. of
From end of snout to vent Ae ee ve ; a 60
Pane on ce torent by. « ae at Se ry: 2
Head is ate - 3 Se ee Sus 17
Width of head xe cz aa A Ee : 9
Depth of head ae oe oye hs me a6 7
Fore limb.. ne Bi Be me se a 23
' Hind limb Be oh a is Sic ies 32
Foot 17

Habitat. This remarkable species was described from 13 specimens from Kan-
shirei and Taipeh, Formosa ; one of these is now preserved in the British Museum.
It has since been reported from Southern China, near Canton, by T. Vogt.

Tachydromus chinensis, T. Vogt, Sitzb. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. 1914, p. 98, is said to
be similar to P. kuehnei, but there are only 3 pairs of chin-shields and the ventral
plates are obtusely keeled. 3 femoral pores on each side.—Northern parts of the
Province Kuangtung, Southern China.

Apeltonotus, g. n.

Head-shields normal. Nostril pierced between the nasal, a postnasal, and the
first upper labial. J,ower eyelid scaly. Collar distinct. Dorsal scales small, hexago-
nal, subimbricate, keeled; ventral plates obtusely pointed, imbricate, of median
rows smooth or faintly keeled, of outer row strongly keeled. Digits compressed, with

1 Of the 13 types and co-types, 8 have 4 pores, 4 have 5, and 1 has 4—5.—3 or 4 pores in specimens from Canton
according to Vogt.

234 G. A. BOULENGER ON

smooth scales inferiorly. Femoral pores reduced to 2 or 3 on each side. ‘Tail very
long, cylindrical.

Loo Choo Islands.

This genus is very closely allied to Tachydromus, to which it stands in the same
relation as bedriagaia to Poromora among African genera. Could we find a lizard
combining the dorsal scales of A peltonotus with the other characters of Tachydromus
amurensis, we would have the connecting link between the latter and Lacerta vivt-
para.

1. Apeltonotus dorsalis, Stejneg.
Takydromus dorsalis, Stejneg. Smithson. Quart. Misc. Coll. xlvii, 1905, p. 294, and Herp.
Japan, p. 220, fig. (1907) ; Van Denb. Proc. Calif. Ac. (4) iii, 1912, p. 242,

Body slender, feebly depressed. Head 1} times as long as broad, its depth equal
to the distance between the centre of the eye and the tympanum, its length about 4
times in length to vent; snout acutely pointed, a little longer than the postocular
part of the head, with sharp canthus and vertical, concave loreal region. Pileus
2} times as long as broad. Neck a little narrower than the head. Limbs slender, with
very long digits; the hind limb reaches the shoulder in males, not beyond the axil
in females; foot a little longer than the head. ‘Tail 3 to 33 times as long as head
and body.

Nostril between 3 shields ; nasals forming a very short suture behind the rostral ;!
frontonasal much longer than broad ; preefrontals forming an extensive suture; fron-
tal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, about 13 times as long as broad,
narrower behind than in front ; parietals about 1} times as long as broad, outer
border convex ; interparietal small, narrow, a little longer than the occipital; 3 or 4
supraoculars, if 4, first small and granular, followed by a series of granules separat-
ing the supraoculars from the superciliaries, which are 5 in number. Rostral barely
entering the nostril; a single postnasal; anterior loreal much smaller than the second ;
4 upper labials, rarely 5 or 3, anterior to the subocular. Temporal scales small,
strongly keeled; an enlarged, keeled anterior upper temporal shield ; a short and
very narrow tympanic shield.

4 pairs of chin-shields,* the 3 anterior in contact in the middle; gular scales
granular anteriorly, gradually enlarged, imbricate, and keeled towards the collar,
26 in a straight median line; collar-plates large, pointed, keeled.

Seales strongly keeled, those on the back larger, about 5 corresponding to 3
ventral plates; 28 to 30 scales across the middle of the body. Ventral plates in 6
longitudinal series, the outer strongly keeled, the others smooth or feebly keeled ; 24
transverse series. Preeanal plate large, smooth, bordered by a semicircle of small
plates, or with two small plates on each side.

Scales on upper surface of limbs large, keeled, larger than the dorsals, on fore-
arm smooth and forming transverse plates. Usually 2, rarely 3, femoral pores on
each side. 29 lamellar scales under the fourth toe.

' Rostral in contact with the frontonasal in one specimen examined by Van Denburgh.

2 Van Denburgh notes one specimen as having 4 shields on one side and 5 on the other.

THE LIZARDS OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMUS. 235

Caudal scales strongly keeled, twice as large as largest dorsals, 16 in the fourth
whorl.

Bluish slate above, probably greenish in life; a black line from the nostril
through the eye to the centre of the ear-opening; a pale, probably yellowish, streak
below this from the nostril through the lower eyelid to the lower border of the ear-
opening ; lower parts greenish or yellowish white.

Measurements, in millimetres. of ed
From end of snout to vent Ss aS i ES = 64 50
Head ae ‘= ie an Be ae = 16 14
Width of head oi ie aie 43 ts 3 9 8
Fore limb ae Be se Hs Ea ai 25 23
Hind limb me eg oe Pee ae a 35 aut
Tail Be aa es aes ae ae 22 OeLOS

The above description is compiled from those of Stejneger and of Van Den-
burgh and from one of the co-types received from the U.S. National Museum.

Habitat. Ishigaki Island, in the Southern Group of the Too Choo or Riu Kiu
Archipelago. The type is preserved in the U.S, National Museum.

a

EXPLANATIONS OF PLATE. XEVE

Fic. 1.—Tachydromus amurensis. % , Chabarovka.
2.—Lacerta vivipara. & , Scotland.
3.—Tachydromus woltert. 3 , Seoul.
4.—Tachydromus formosanus. 3 , Taipeh.

a. Side view of head. 6. Upper view of head. c. Lower view of head. d. Lower

view of posterior part of body and hind limb.
Whole lizards natural size, details magnified 2 diameters.

Mem. As. Soc, BENG. VoL.V., 1917.

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7 yy
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Pl Fis. 4. Tachydromus formosanus

x

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVII.

Fic. 1.—Tachydromus khasiensis. ¢ , Khasi Hills.
5, 2.--Tachydromus sautert. 3 , Coshun.
5, 3-—Platyplacopus kuehnei. 2 , Kanshirei.
a. Side view of head. 6. Upper view of head. c. Lower view of head. d. Lower
view of posterior part of body and hind limb. e. Lower surface of foot.
Whole lizards natural size, details magnified 2 diameters.

Mem. As. Soc.,,Bene. Vot.V., 1917. PLATE XI

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